Originally published on 22 August 2023 and transferred from the original BusaBoy blog in 2026.
As a SCUBA diving instructor, one of the most important lessons I teach my students is the proper technique for equalising their ears and sinuses during a dive. The equalisation is the process of adjusting the pressure inside the ears and sinuses to match the surrounding water pressure, and it is essential for preventing painful and potentially dangerous barotrauma.
There are several techniques that divers can use to equalise, and the most effective one will depend on the individual diver's anatomy and preferences. Here are some common techniques and my personal experience with them:
- The Valsalva Maneuver: This is probably the most well-known technique, and it involves pinching the nose and blowing gently through the nostrils to equalise the pressure in the ears. Some divers find this technique uncomfortable or ineffective, especially if they have nasal congestion or small nostrils.
- The Toynbee Maneuver: This technique involves pinching the nose and swallowing to equalise the pressure in the ears. Some divers find it easier to swallow than to blow through their nostrils, and it can also help to clear the sinuses.
- The Frenzel Maneuver: This technique involves pinching the nose and making a "k" sound with the back of the throat to equalise the pressure in the ears. It requires practice and can be difficult for some divers to master, but it is very effective once you get the hang of it.
- The Lowry Technique: This technique involves pinching the nose and using the muscles in the mouth and throat to push air into the ears and sinuses. It is similar to the Frenzel Maneuver but requires less precise control of the throat muscles.
Regardless of which technique a diver uses, it is important to equalise frequently and early in the dive. This will prevent the pressure from building up and causing discomfort or pain. It is also important to communicate with your diving buddy and pay attention to any signs of barotrauma, such as pain, dizziness, or hearing loss.
In my experience as a SCUBA diving instructor, I have found that the most effective equalisation technique is the one that works best for the individual diver. It is important to experiment with different techniques and find what works best for you. With practice and patience, you can master the art of equalisation and enjoy comfortable and safe diving.
